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Transfer of know-how held by Japanese local governments in the field of addressing environmental problems.
[last updated April 6, 2005 12:00 AM]
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General Information
Partnership website(s) |
Expected TimeframeAugust 2002 - Open Ended |
Partners
Governments:
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Major Groups:
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UN System:
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Other intergovernmental organizations:
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Thematic Focus
Primary Themes:
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Secondary Themes:
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Geographic Coverage
Geographic Scope: Regional
Country(ies) where the partnership is being implemented: Japan |
National Focal Points
At present, no information is available as to whether the partnership has made contact with the national focal points for sustainable development in the relevant countries.
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Goals and Objectives
Summary of the partnership's goals and objectives
At WSSD, Japanese Government launched this partnership to contribute to sustainable development by further encouraging the sharing the know-how of Japanese local governments on environmental problems with local authorities in developing countries. This partnership also intended to promote the Kita-Kyushu Initiative adopted at the 4th Ministerial Meeting on Environment and Development held in Kita-Kyushu City in September 2000.
On March 23, 2003, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan announced the "Initiative for Japan's ODA on Water" at the 3rd World Water Forum. In collaboration with the central government, Japanese public waterworks (operated by local governments) have played a significant role in assisting the ownership and capacity-building for planning, management, and control in the fields of water supply and sewage, as well as developing a network among Asian cities.
On March 23, 2003, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan announced the "Initiative for Japan's ODA on Water" at the 3rd World Water Forum. In collaboration with the central government, Japanese public waterworks (operated by local governments) have played a significant role in assisting the ownership and capacity-building for planning, management, and control in the fields of water supply and sewage, as well as developing a network among Asian cities.
Targets and Progress
Partnership targetsIncrease the capacity of developing countries in such fields as acid deposition monitoring, air pollution source monitoring management, administration management for environmental restoration and conservation,etc.
Central or Local government staff in developing countries in such fields as acid deposition monitoring, air pollution source monitoring management, administration management for environmental restoration and conservation, etc. |
Progress against targetsMajor Activities after WSSD held by Japanese Public Waterworks: One child dies of a water-related disease every eight seconds in the world, and 50 percent of the total population of developing countries has suffered from water-related diseases. While the major causes are inappropriate supply of purified water and unhygienic living and environmental conditions, the World Health Organization (WHO)estimates that about 200 million people are infected by using water from rivers, ponds, irrigation water and other waterways, where parasitic worms and organisms thrive, especially in tropical countries.
Considering these circumstances and in order to provide a decisive solution to water problems faced by cities in developing countries, each major city¿s waterworks bureau intends to engage in intercity exchange activities, in the hope of contributing to the improvement of water service operations. Future plans call for the promotion of international cooperation based on technical cooperation at the intercity level consisting of the dispatch of personnel and the acceptance of participants for technical training courses. |
Capacity-Building and Technology Transfer
Arrangements for Capacity-Building and Technology Transfer
- Human resources development/training
- JICA provides training programs in collaboration with Japanese local government.
- ESCAP implements Pilot Projects under the Kita-kyushu Initiative.
Relationship to International Agreements on Sustainable Development
How the partnership contributes to the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
The relationship of the Partnership/Initiative with the objectives of Agenda 21 as well as relevant goals and objectives of the United Nation Millennium Declaration:
· MDG 7
· Agenda 21:Chapter 28 Relevant Sections of Agenda 21
· MDG 7
· Agenda 21:Chapter 28 Relevant Sections of Agenda 21
Local authorities' initiatives in support of Agenda 21; Transfer of environmentally sound technology, cooperation and capacity-building; Promoting education, public awareness and training; National mechanisms and international cooperation for capacity-building in developing countries
Relevant Sections of the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 Means of implementation
Relevant Sections of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation Sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific; Means of implementation
Coordination and Implementation
Coordination Mechanism of the PartnershipJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and ESCAP are in charge of coordination.
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Implementation Mechanism of the PartnershipThis initiative is implemented in bilateral technical cooperation program of the government of Japan as well as under the framework of the Kita-kyushu Initiative. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and ESCAP are in charge of implementation.
Monitoring and/or evaluation will be conducted by each program/ project following the monitoring/ evaluation procedure of JICA or ESCAP. |
Resources
Funding Currently AvailableAmount in US$: 0
Source(s): Government
Government of Japan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, JICA), Other interested donors,etc. |
Non-financial resources availableType(s):
Source(s):
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Funding SoughtRequired Amount in US$: 0
Source(s) already approached:
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Non-financial resources soughtRequirement(s):
Source(s) approached and details:
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Additional Information
Additional Relevant Information
Case Studies - Sharing Know-how among Asian Cities
1) Case from Yokohama City
a) Water Service in Yokohama
Yokohama, located in the south of Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is Japan?s second largest city with a population of approximately 3.53 million. This year marks the 150th anniversary commemorating the opening of the country to the outside world and the start of exchange activities with the United States. As international exchange activities increased, Yokohama as a port town neighboring Tokyo became the center of these overseas exchanges.
While Yokohama began as a small fishing village inhabited by about only 700 people before the port was opened to foreign countries, it saw a rapid increase in both population and overseas people moving to Yokohama to live as a result of becoming a vital center for overseas exchange. This rapid growth gave rise to many problems including water shortages and spreading diseases. Because Yokohama faced the sea, safe and clean drinking water had been very difficult to secure. Compounding the problem, epidemics of cholera and typhoid broke out in the city in the early period.
In order to bring these problems to an end, plans were formulated in Japan to import waterworks technology from Europe, and to introduce a pressurized waterworks system in Yokohama with the cooperation of a British engineer.
As a result of this planning and construction, water service in Yokohama was started in 1887 as Japan?s first modern waterworks system. While the system was expected to supply water to a population of approximately 70,000 at the initial stage immediately after the construction, the water supply volume continued to expand every year in order to meet such needs as the increase in trade with other countries, expansion of service areas, and increases in commercial and industrial water supplies for the development of industries. At present, a water supply ratio of 100 percent has been achieved, and safe,
good-quality water is being provided on a stable basis to about 3.53 million users.
Prior to achieving the current stable situation, eight expansion projects were implemented to meet the increase in water demand. During this expansion period, Yokohama waterworks experienced various setbacks such as long-term suspension of water supply due to destructive damage inflicted on waterworks facilities by major earthquakes and wars.
b) International Exchange Activities Undertaken by Yokohama
Yokohama?s international exchange activities include the dispatch of experts principally to developing countries and the acceptance of participants for technical training courses. The first dispatch program was implemented in 1973 as a part of activities related to technical cooperation with Afghanistan. By 2002, about 80 persons in total had been dispatched to developing countries as experts and/or members of survey delegations from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which is responsible for technical cooperation provided as a part of the governmental assistance implemented by the Japanese government, and other organizations. At the same time, Yokohama has also accepted about 800 participants from various countries for technical training courses in such fields
as purification processing and the maintenance and management of distribution pipes, and site investigations.
In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the construction of Japan?s first modern waterworks system in 1987, Yokohama also implemented its own training programs. It recognized individuals who strived to improve public health through introducing waterworks technology from Europe, and for the purpose of improving public health in developing countries by transferring waterworks technology that had been developed by Yokohama. In 13 years, a total of 71 persons were invited mainly from countries in Southeast Asia. After receiving technical training courses on technology and/or management
operations, these participants are now actively engaged in related operations in their respective countries.
In 1999, Yokohama started a new training program. Under this program, Yokohama publicly invited training participants from member cities of CITYNET, which was the international network comprising of about 70 cities mainly in Asia. Training courses were provided in the spring and autumn for two participants for a training period of 25 days. The number of applicants for the training course in the autumn of 2002 was 30 persons from 22 cities, and has been increasing year by year.
Since 2003, Yokohama has been implementing international cooperation programs at the intercity level in conjunction with the Grass-roots Technological Cooperation Program planned by JICA and the Local Authorities International Cooperation Promotion Projects operated by the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations.
Under these projects, a partner city is selected through public invitation, and technology transfer is implemented for a period of three years. As a result of public invitation in 2003, Hue and Hanoi of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam were selected as partner cities
Prior to accepting participants for technical training courses from these cities, personnel of the Yokohama Waterworks Bureau visited these cities in September 2003 and February 2004 to conduct on-site surveys on the status of water service in order to facilitate the smooth transfer of technologies, and to explain Yokohama?s water service
through seminars.
2) Case from Osaka City
a) Water Service in Osaka
Osaka City, located nearly in the center of the Japanese archipelago, covers an area of 22,053 ha and has a population of approximately 2.61 million.
Developed on the delta of Yodo River and called the City of Water, Osaka was blessed with abundant and relatively clean water, which citizens used for drinking.
Later, for reasons of sanitation and fire prevention, the necessity of a waterworks was gradually realized. As a result, a public water supply system, the fourth of its kind and the first based on the Waterworks Law in Japan, was established in Osaka in 1895.
At that time, the water supply system had a daily capacity of 51,240 m3 and served 610,000 citizens. But in order to deal with the continuous development of the city, water supply capacity has been increased through several expansion works. The present system has a standard capacity of 2,430,000 m3/day.
In 1992, Osaka City launched the Advanced Purification Facility Maintenance Project to comprehensively improve the quality of drinking water.
This project aimed to remove the foul smell and taste that had been a recurring problem since 1981, and to reduce trihalomethane and other organic micropollutants. From 2000, advanced treated drinking water has been supplied to the entire city area.
Based on what was learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995, Osaka City devised a basic plan named Seismic Water Osaka Plan 21. In its second century of waterworks operation, the city has been actively engaged in improving the water supply system. It aims to make the system more stable and reliable, as the supply of water is a vital public service and forms an integral part of any 21st century urban system.
b) International Exchange Activities by Osaka City
Osaka City has served as an international gateway since ancient times, beginning in the 5th century. This background as a meeting point for people, goods, and information fostered a liberal, forward-looking and enterprising spirit in the people of Osaka. This mindset, combined with the city?s economic prosperity, encouraged the flourishing of the arts and enabled Osaka to play a leading role in the cultural development of the nation.
The City of Osaka today is eager to further promote exchange and cooperation with the rest of the world, based on the ?Osaka City Directives for Internationalization.?
Among various programs in progress, the exchanges in the field of water service technology with Shanghai City, one of Osaka?s friendship cities, deserves special mention.
The Osaka Municipal Waterworks Bureau (OMWB) has sent 50 water supply specialists for promoting projects and personnel training to developing countries,
especially in Asia, such as Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
Moreover, the OMWB has accepted more than 90 trainees on water service from countries all over the world. These trainees have participated in programs organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on maintenance and management methods of city waterworks.
Recent examples of international exchange activities undertaken by the Osaka Municipal Waterworks Bureau are as follows:
Technical Exchange with the Friendship City ? Shanghai
- Mutual visits by water service staff by turns every year
Cooperation with JICA
- Experts Dispatch
- The water supply technology training improvement project in the Arab Republic of Egypt
- The project on management of regional water supply in Indonesia
- Conducting 45-day-training courses
- Operation and Maintenance of Urban Water Supply Systems (32 trainees from 28 countries in 2000-03, including 16 trainees from 9 Asian countries)
Cooperation with JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation)
The Bisalpur Jaipur Water Supply Project is to construct a water supply system (360,000m3/day) for Jaipur city, the state capital of Rajasthan in northwestern India, by bringing water from a new surface water source. It consists of the ?transmission system? (water intake, purification and transmission facilities) and the ?transfer system? (water supply and distribution facilities). It will be co-financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and JBIC. The ?transmission system? will be financed by the ADB, and the ?transfer system? will be financed by the JBIC. It is expected to improve the quality of drinking water, public health conditions and living standards in the Jaipur city and its vicinity. (In 2011, the target year of this project, some 2.77 million residents will receive benefits from the project.) In addition, the project is expected to stop the decline of the level of the groundwater, and to protect the groundwater environment by reducing the use of groundwater, which is almost the entire source of water service at present.
In this project, supports are provided for efforts to reform the water services sector, such as increasing efficiency in managing water supply projects and reforming tariff systems in Rajasthan.
The project involves the transfer of technology in the fields of effective use of water, leakage control and tariff policy in cooperation with Japanese public water suppliers, namely the Yokohama and Osaka waterworks bureaus.
1) Case from Yokohama City
a) Water Service in Yokohama
Yokohama, located in the south of Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is Japan?s second largest city with a population of approximately 3.53 million. This year marks the 150th anniversary commemorating the opening of the country to the outside world and the start of exchange activities with the United States. As international exchange activities increased, Yokohama as a port town neighboring Tokyo became the center of these overseas exchanges.
While Yokohama began as a small fishing village inhabited by about only 700 people before the port was opened to foreign countries, it saw a rapid increase in both population and overseas people moving to Yokohama to live as a result of becoming a vital center for overseas exchange. This rapid growth gave rise to many problems including water shortages and spreading diseases. Because Yokohama faced the sea, safe and clean drinking water had been very difficult to secure. Compounding the problem, epidemics of cholera and typhoid broke out in the city in the early period.
In order to bring these problems to an end, plans were formulated in Japan to import waterworks technology from Europe, and to introduce a pressurized waterworks system in Yokohama with the cooperation of a British engineer.
As a result of this planning and construction, water service in Yokohama was started in 1887 as Japan?s first modern waterworks system. While the system was expected to supply water to a population of approximately 70,000 at the initial stage immediately after the construction, the water supply volume continued to expand every year in order to meet such needs as the increase in trade with other countries, expansion of service areas, and increases in commercial and industrial water supplies for the development of industries. At present, a water supply ratio of 100 percent has been achieved, and safe,
good-quality water is being provided on a stable basis to about 3.53 million users.
Prior to achieving the current stable situation, eight expansion projects were implemented to meet the increase in water demand. During this expansion period, Yokohama waterworks experienced various setbacks such as long-term suspension of water supply due to destructive damage inflicted on waterworks facilities by major earthquakes and wars.
b) International Exchange Activities Undertaken by Yokohama
Yokohama?s international exchange activities include the dispatch of experts principally to developing countries and the acceptance of participants for technical training courses. The first dispatch program was implemented in 1973 as a part of activities related to technical cooperation with Afghanistan. By 2002, about 80 persons in total had been dispatched to developing countries as experts and/or members of survey delegations from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which is responsible for technical cooperation provided as a part of the governmental assistance implemented by the Japanese government, and other organizations. At the same time, Yokohama has also accepted about 800 participants from various countries for technical training courses in such fields
as purification processing and the maintenance and management of distribution pipes, and site investigations.
In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the construction of Japan?s first modern waterworks system in 1987, Yokohama also implemented its own training programs. It recognized individuals who strived to improve public health through introducing waterworks technology from Europe, and for the purpose of improving public health in developing countries by transferring waterworks technology that had been developed by Yokohama. In 13 years, a total of 71 persons were invited mainly from countries in Southeast Asia. After receiving technical training courses on technology and/or management
operations, these participants are now actively engaged in related operations in their respective countries.
In 1999, Yokohama started a new training program. Under this program, Yokohama publicly invited training participants from member cities of CITYNET, which was the international network comprising of about 70 cities mainly in Asia. Training courses were provided in the spring and autumn for two participants for a training period of 25 days. The number of applicants for the training course in the autumn of 2002 was 30 persons from 22 cities, and has been increasing year by year.
Since 2003, Yokohama has been implementing international cooperation programs at the intercity level in conjunction with the Grass-roots Technological Cooperation Program planned by JICA and the Local Authorities International Cooperation Promotion Projects operated by the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations.
Under these projects, a partner city is selected through public invitation, and technology transfer is implemented for a period of three years. As a result of public invitation in 2003, Hue and Hanoi of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam were selected as partner cities
Prior to accepting participants for technical training courses from these cities, personnel of the Yokohama Waterworks Bureau visited these cities in September 2003 and February 2004 to conduct on-site surveys on the status of water service in order to facilitate the smooth transfer of technologies, and to explain Yokohama?s water service
through seminars.
2) Case from Osaka City
a) Water Service in Osaka
Osaka City, located nearly in the center of the Japanese archipelago, covers an area of 22,053 ha and has a population of approximately 2.61 million.
Developed on the delta of Yodo River and called the City of Water, Osaka was blessed with abundant and relatively clean water, which citizens used for drinking.
Later, for reasons of sanitation and fire prevention, the necessity of a waterworks was gradually realized. As a result, a public water supply system, the fourth of its kind and the first based on the Waterworks Law in Japan, was established in Osaka in 1895.
At that time, the water supply system had a daily capacity of 51,240 m3 and served 610,000 citizens. But in order to deal with the continuous development of the city, water supply capacity has been increased through several expansion works. The present system has a standard capacity of 2,430,000 m3/day.
In 1992, Osaka City launched the Advanced Purification Facility Maintenance Project to comprehensively improve the quality of drinking water.
This project aimed to remove the foul smell and taste that had been a recurring problem since 1981, and to reduce trihalomethane and other organic micropollutants. From 2000, advanced treated drinking water has been supplied to the entire city area.
Based on what was learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995, Osaka City devised a basic plan named Seismic Water Osaka Plan 21. In its second century of waterworks operation, the city has been actively engaged in improving the water supply system. It aims to make the system more stable and reliable, as the supply of water is a vital public service and forms an integral part of any 21st century urban system.
b) International Exchange Activities by Osaka City
Osaka City has served as an international gateway since ancient times, beginning in the 5th century. This background as a meeting point for people, goods, and information fostered a liberal, forward-looking and enterprising spirit in the people of Osaka. This mindset, combined with the city?s economic prosperity, encouraged the flourishing of the arts and enabled Osaka to play a leading role in the cultural development of the nation.
The City of Osaka today is eager to further promote exchange and cooperation with the rest of the world, based on the ?Osaka City Directives for Internationalization.?
Among various programs in progress, the exchanges in the field of water service technology with Shanghai City, one of Osaka?s friendship cities, deserves special mention.
The Osaka Municipal Waterworks Bureau (OMWB) has sent 50 water supply specialists for promoting projects and personnel training to developing countries,
especially in Asia, such as Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
Moreover, the OMWB has accepted more than 90 trainees on water service from countries all over the world. These trainees have participated in programs organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on maintenance and management methods of city waterworks.
Recent examples of international exchange activities undertaken by the Osaka Municipal Waterworks Bureau are as follows:
Technical Exchange with the Friendship City ? Shanghai
- Mutual visits by water service staff by turns every year
Cooperation with JICA
- Experts Dispatch
- The water supply technology training improvement project in the Arab Republic of Egypt
- The project on management of regional water supply in Indonesia
- Conducting 45-day-training courses
- Operation and Maintenance of Urban Water Supply Systems (32 trainees from 28 countries in 2000-03, including 16 trainees from 9 Asian countries)
Cooperation with JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation)
The Bisalpur Jaipur Water Supply Project is to construct a water supply system (360,000m3/day) for Jaipur city, the state capital of Rajasthan in northwestern India, by bringing water from a new surface water source. It consists of the ?transmission system? (water intake, purification and transmission facilities) and the ?transfer system? (water supply and distribution facilities). It will be co-financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and JBIC. The ?transmission system? will be financed by the ADB, and the ?transfer system? will be financed by the JBIC. It is expected to improve the quality of drinking water, public health conditions and living standards in the Jaipur city and its vicinity. (In 2011, the target year of this project, some 2.77 million residents will receive benefits from the project.) In addition, the project is expected to stop the decline of the level of the groundwater, and to protect the groundwater environment by reducing the use of groundwater, which is almost the entire source of water service at present.
In this project, supports are provided for efforts to reform the water services sector, such as increasing efficiency in managing water supply projects and reforming tariff systems in Rajasthan.
The project involves the transfer of technology in the fields of effective use of water, leakage control and tariff policy in cooperation with Japanese public water suppliers, namely the Yokohama and Osaka waterworks bureaus.